Backward vertical integration can produce:
A. a full integration when activities remain the domain of key suppliers.
B. a tapered integration if the firm consolidates all activities in-house.
C. a differentiation-based competitive advantage when activities enhance the performance of the final product.
D. a focused differentiation strategy when the market is broad and the product is a commodity.
E. All of these.
Answer: a differentiation-based competitive advantage when activities enhance the performance of the final product.